Internet

Pengenalan Kepada Internet

Konsep Internet dan ciri-ciri Internet

Demonstrasi kegunaan kemudahan Internet (jika ada kemudahan di sekolah)

provides a basic understanding of the Internet and the World Wide Web, but assumes students have basic web searching skills.
By the end of this module, learners should be able to:
Briefly explain a short history of the Internet
Briefly explain a local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN)
Briefly explain servers and clients
Understand how the Internet works (on a basic level)


A Brief History of the Internet
In 1969, the US Department of Defense started a project to allow researchers and military personnel to communicate with each other in an emergency. The project was called ARPAnet and it is the foundation of the Internet.

Throughout the 1970's, what would later become the Internet was developed. While mostly military personnel and scientists used it in its early days, the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 1990's changed all that.

Today, the Internet is not owned or operated by any one entity. This worldwide computer network allows people to communicate and exchange information in new ways.

According to www.commerce.net, in April of 1999, there were 92.2 million Internet users over the age of 16 in the United States and Canada. By 2005, it is predicted 75% of the total US population will be online.


What is the Internet?
The Internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting millions of computers. A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.

There are two types of computer networks:
Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is two or more connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively small geographic location (the same building, for example).


Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN typically consists of 2 or more LANs. The computers are farther apart and are linked by telephone lines, dedicated telephone lines, or radio waves. The Internet is the largest Wide Area Network (WAN) in existence.


Servers
All computers on the Internet (a wide area network, or WAN) can be lumped into two groups: servers and clients. In a network, clients and servers communicate with one another.

A server is the common source that :
Provides shared services (for example, network security measures) with other machines
AND

Manages resources (for example, one printer many people use) in a network.
The term server is often used to describe the hardware (computer), but the term also refers to the software (application) running on the computer. Many servers are dedicated, meaning they only perform specific tasks.

For example,
An email server is a computer that has software running on it allowing it to "serve" email-related services.
A web server has software running on it that allows it to "serve" web-related services.

Clients
Remember, all computers on the Internet (a wide area network, or WAN) can be lumped into two groups: servers and clients, which communicate with one another.

Independent computers connected to a server are called clients. Most likely, your home or office computer does not provide services to other computers. Therefore, it is a client.

Clients run multiple client software applications that perform specific functions.

For example,
An email application such as Microsoft Outlook is client software.
Your web browser (such as Internet Explorer or Netscape) is client software.

Servers and Clients Communicate
Your computer (client hardware) is running a web browser such as Internet Explorer (client software).
When you want to surf the web, your browser connects to a remote server and requests a web page.
The remote server (server hardware) runs web server software (server software).
The web server sends the web page to your computer's web browser.
Your web browser displays the page.

Challenge!
Match the correct term with its definition.

___1. LAN (Local Area Network) A. Consists of 2 or more LANs. The computers are farther apart and are linked by telephone lines, dedicated telephone lines, or radio waves.

___2. WAN (Wide Area Network) B. Common source that provides shared services to other machines and manages resources in a network.

___3. Server C. A project that allowed researchers and military personnel to communicate with each other in an emergency. The foundation of the Internet.

___4. Clients D. Two or more connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively small geographic location.

___5. ARPAnet E. Computers connected to a server and do not provide services to other computers.

Answers: 1.D 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. C


The World Wide Web (WWW)
As you now know, the Internet is the physical computer network (computer, monitor, modem, cables, phone lines, etc).

So, what is the World Wide Web?
Tim Berners-Lee, a software engineer, invented the World Wide Web in 1991.

The Web is a system of Internet servers that support specially-formatted documents.

These specially formatted documents are text documents created in HTML, a formatting language. In conjunction with the World Wide Web, your web browser interprets these text documents so they become web pages.

Web pages contain formatted text, graphics, sound, animation, and video, allowing point and click navigation.
Before the Web, the Internet was mostly text-based. To use it, you had to know lots of keyboard command prompts, making it largely unusable to the average person. The World Wide Web changed all that.


Some Important Web Terms:
WWW
Also called the Web or World Wide Web. See previous page for full definition.

Web Browser
A piece of software used to navigate the Web. Internet Explorer and Netscape are web browsers. Learn more about web browsers in Unit 2.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)
A GUI (pronounced GOO-ee) takes advantage of your computer's graphics (picture) capabilities to increase ease of use. For example, the buttons you point and click to surf the web is part of your web browser's GUI . Most operating systems include a GUI, such as Windows and Mac OS. In the past, there was no pointing and clicking; rather, the user had to know a command language to operate the computer.

Some Important Web Terms:
WWW
Also called the Web or World Wide Web. See previous page for full definition.

Web Browser
A piece of software used to navigate the Web. Internet Explorer and Netscape are web browsers. Learn more about web browsers in Unit 2.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)
A GUI (pronounced GOO-ee) takes advantage of your computer's graphics (picture) capabilities to increase ease of use. For example, the buttons you point and click to surf the web is part of your web browser's GUI . Most operating systems include a GUI, such as Windows and Mac OS. In the past, there was no pointing and clicking; rather, the user had to know a command language to operate the computer.

Challenge!
Match the correct term with its definition.

___1. Web Browser
A. The system of electronically linking words or pictures to other words or pictures

___2. Hypertext B. The system for transferring web documents over the Internet.

___3. HTTP C. Also called a Web address.

___4. URL D. The formatting language used to create web documents.

___5. HTML E. Software used to surf the web, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape.

Answers: 1. E 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D